In the ancient days, OSM was much simpler. You had the streets and roads. A crossing was considered a barrier along the way for road users (i.e. cars), so one would place a node with https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Tag:highway=crossing where the crosswalk is located. The routeplanner would apply a time penalty, the rendering engine shows a little icon, and done.

With an extra attribute (namely crossing_ref) a more precise type and the type of markings was indicated.

Then, someone figured out they could also shove in information about the traffic signals. This kind of works for simple crossings, but breaks down for bigger intersections. https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Tag:crossing=unmarked, https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Tag:crossing=uncontrolled and https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Tag:crossing=controlled were added. And https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Tag:crossing=zebra, cause zebra crossings are so common. And https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Tag:crossing=marked, which was almost, but not quite, entirely unlike ~~tea~~ https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Tag:crossing=uncontrolled.

In the mean time, people started mapping cycleways and sidewalks/footways separately, giving rise to a second way of tagging crossings: along the way; as https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Tag:highway=footway with https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Tag:footway=crossing.

Some ported over the traffic signal metadata over on the way, as they were used to doing on a node. Others starting mapping the traffic lights separately, often as barrier at the precise location where the pedestrian/cyclist/car driver has to wait.

This gives the potential of having the traffic light metadata on three separate locations:

1) Once on the point where the road and the footway meet 2) Once on the footway, marked with crossing 3) Once on the traffic light node on the footway

In other words, the current tagging is a clusterfuck.

Why do I care?

I currently got a (commissioned) project where the people want to input advanced properties of bicycle infrastructure, so I got confronted with this mess. And, in contrast to a certain someone else who only needs to render items, I need to write data, so need to actually improve the tagging. He actually did quite a good writeup on this topic, it was a good overview for me as well and I'm building a bit on his diary entry! Go read it. And thank for all your other contributions!

What is wrong with using a simple node

The simplicity of having a single node telling there is a crossroads with lights is good, but doesn’t scale well.

Properties of the lights (e.g. the amount of time to wait, wether or not it is button-operated, …) might be different depending on where a person comes from and goes to, so it doesn’t quite capture all the complexities I’d like to capture..

The value

My main problem with the crossing-tag on nodes is that it tries to capture to much information.

The value of the crossing already tries to combine several concepts:

• what markings there are (if any): marked vs unmarked (and possible zebra or some other values)
• if there are traffic lights: traffic_signals vs uncontrolled

Note that uncontrolled does imply - according to the wiki - that there are markings; but this might not have been clear to all mappers.

In some countries, having traffic lights might imply having certain markings - or rather, might imply having a legal obligation for road management to also paint certain markings. However, human error and changing laws already make this an incorrect assumption.

I would propose to completely drop https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Tag:crossing=zebra|marked|uncontrolled|... and use crossing:markings instead, eventually with a traffic_light node

crossing_ref

Crossing ref (luckily) has also seen it’s peak; usage has halved.

It has it’s fair share of problem, mostly that it uses opaque animal names that are only well understood by someone that has lived their entire lives in the UK. It scales badly and has been supplanted by the clearer, more generally applicable crossing:markings-key.

Imho, the time is ripe to deprecate crossing_ref and to start retagging it.

About traffic signals

Imagine a single crossroad (with four incoming ways) for car traffic, with 4 zebra crossings - one on each incoming road. This means we’ll have fourteen traffic lights: 4 traffic lights to control the incoming car traffic and a pair of pedestrian traffic lights for every zebra crossing.

There might be huge difference between those traffic lights. A common example is when a major car road crosses a minor road. Some differences might be:

• The pedestrians crossing the major road will have longer wait times (on average)
• The pedestrians crossing the major road might have a button they have to press to request green…
• … whereas the pedestrians crossing the minor road don’t have such a button, as they’ll get green regularly
• The sound and/or vibration signals might be different for every traffic light; i.e. if a signal broke down or didn’t get installed (correctly).

In other words, trying to map ‘traffic_light=yes’ on a https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Tag:highway=crossing_node is only good for a first mapping but fails to allow enough detail.

If the crossing is mapped as a highway, I propose the traffic lights are always mapped as a point in the way and not as attributes on the way.

Button-operated?

Another problem with traffic lights is button_operated, which covers a great range of possibilities. Those buttons, mostly found on pedestrian crossings (and on bicycle crossings, at least in belgium), are generally tagged with https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Tag:button_operated=yes

https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Tag:button_operated=yes might mean a pedestrian/cyclist:

• needs to press the button, otherwise he’ll never be able to cross
• pedestrian/cyclists might get a shorter wait time if pressed
• can press the button, but nothing happens
• might press the button, and depending on the hour or the day, any of the above might happen. E.g. at night, they must to press the button to get green, during rush hour the button does nothing and during daytime, they get a shorter wait time.

And there are also a few cases where there is a button to trigger the sound or vibration signals for deaf/blind/… people. The contributor might have mistaken the button for a button influencing the greenlight-cycle.

I propose the following tags:

• https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Tag:button_operated=yes: there is a button which might influence the green cycle (i.e. is unrelated to the buttons for sound/vibration)
• https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Tag:button_operated=required (or https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Tag:button_operated=only): one must press the button to cross
• https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Tag:button_operated=reduce_wait_time: one may press the button and one might get a reduced wait time, possibly only at certain times of day
• https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Tag:button_operated=fake: there is a button, but it does nothing
• https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Tag:button_operated=broken: the button is clearly broken, i.e. it is unresponsive
• https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Tag:button_operated=no: there is no button to press

I’m not yet sure about buttons where the effect depends on the time of day. Perhaps https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Tag:button_operated=required @ 22:00-06:00; reduced-wait-time @ 06:00-22:00?

Traffic islands

A similar confusing and duplicate data story unfolded with traffic islands. These too can be mapped on two separate location in the database: - by using https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Tag:highway=footway + https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Tag:footway=traffic_island which has 5M entries - by using https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Tag:traffic_island=yes on a crossing object

Here too, I’d propose to drop https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Tag:traffic_island=yes alltogether and draw separate lines.

Some usage stats:

https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Tag:footway=traffic_island 97K entries https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Tag:cycleway=traffic_island 5.5K entries https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Tag:crossing=traffic_island negligable

Mixing in cycleways

Cycleway crossings all have the same problems. Furthermore, it seems like https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Tag:highway=crossing is assumed to be a pedestrian crossing.

To make matters even worse, we sometimes have a pedestrian crossing (typically zebra) and a cycleway crossing right next to each other, oftentimes mapped as a single line…

These too should be mapped as two lines, including the traffic lights on them. In some (rare) cases, the pedestrians and cyclists get green at different times. For example, this crossing for pedestrians and cyclists has the following cycle for traffic lights:

• cyclists and pedestrians are allowed to cross
• cars from the north-west (Bevrijdingslaan) are allowed to turn left towards Guldenvlieslaan
• cars from the north-west (Bevrijdingslaan) are allowed to continue, traffic from the north is allowed to merge in
• only cyclists are allowed to cross north+south
• cars are allowed to go from/to north-west to/from south-east

So, all these complicated situations are clearly indicating that the current tagging model can barely cope with the current complexities.

Let’s improve the tagging scheme

With this opinion, I’d like to open the discussion on tagging crossings and improve it