Noto CJK is still missing in Standard Layer for now (#2391), to help people understand what is missing, this is how the font should like after the pull request:

This is what is rendered in Standard layer now, as Unifont rather then Noto CJK is used:

The reason that the font is missing may be the server configuration. Following discussions in pull requests #2396, #2397 and #2398, in Ubuntu 16.04 the fonts-noto only recommends fonts-noto-cjk and other variants. However, in previous version of Ubuntu, fonts-noto acted as a metapackage to install all Noto Fonts. This confusing changes may be the reason. Some server configuration will disable install-recommends which is true by default, causing Noto CJK not installed in Ubuntu 16.04.
A proper fix may be Chaning the chef recipe to match the new dependency in #2398.
I am sill looking forward to a better font in Asia. :)
Discussion
Comment from TomH on 4 October 2016 at 10:24
We have everything installed because fonts-noto was already pulling them in as a recommends. Here is one of our servers:
Comment from Firefishy on 4 October 2016 at 11:00
orm:~$ fc-list : family|grep Noto|cut -f2 -d”,” | sort|uniq Noto Kufi Arabic Noto Mono Noto Naskh Arabic Noto Naskh Arabic UI Noto Nastaliq Urdu Noto Sans Noto Sans Armenian Noto Sans Avestan Noto Sans Balinese Noto Sans Bamum Noto Sans Batak Noto Sans Bengali Noto Sans Bengali UI Noto Sans Brahmi Noto Sans Buginese Noto Sans Buhid Noto Sans Canadian Aboriginal Noto Sans Carian Noto Sans Cham Noto Sans Cherokee Noto Sans CJK JP Black Noto Sans CJK JP Bold Noto Sans CJK JP DemiLight Noto Sans CJK JP Light Noto Sans CJK JP Medium Noto Sans CJK JP Regular Noto Sans CJK JP Thin Noto Sans CJK KR Black Noto Sans CJK KR Bold Noto Sans CJK KR DemiLight Noto Sans CJK KR Light Noto Sans CJK KR Medium Noto Sans CJK KR Regular Noto Sans CJK KR Thin Noto Sans CJK SC Black Noto Sans CJK SC Bold Noto Sans CJK SC DemiLight Noto Sans CJK SC Light Noto Sans CJK SC Medium Noto Sans CJK SC Regular Noto Sans CJK SC Thin Noto Sans CJK TC Black Noto Sans CJK TC Bold Noto Sans CJK TC DemiLight Noto Sans CJK TC Light Noto Sans CJK TC Medium Noto Sans CJK TC Regular Noto Sans CJK TC Thin Noto Sans Coptic Noto Sans Cuneiform Noto Sans Cypriot Noto Sans Deseret Noto Sans Devanagari Noto Sans Devanagari UI Noto Sans Egyptian Hieroglyphs Noto Sans Ethiopic Noto Sans Georgian Noto Sans Glagolitic Noto Sans Gothic Noto Sans Gujarati Noto Sans Gujarati UI Noto Sans Gurmukhi Noto Sans Gurmukhi UI Noto Sans Hanunoo Noto Sans Hebrew Noto Sans Imperial Aramaic Noto Sans Inscriptional Pahlavi Noto Sans Inscriptional Parthian Noto Sans Javanese Noto Sans Kaithi Noto Sans Kannada Noto Sans Kannada UI Noto Sans Kayah Li Noto Sans Kharoshthi Noto Sans Khmer Noto Sans Khmer UI Noto Sans Lao Noto Sans Lao UI Noto Sans Lepcha Noto Sans Limbu Noto Sans Linear B Noto Sans Lisu Noto Sans Lycian Noto Sans Lydian Noto Sans Malayalam Noto Sans Malayalam UI Noto Sans Mandaic Noto Sans Meetei Mayek Noto Sans Mongolian Noto Sans Mono CJK JP Bold Noto Sans Mono CJK JP Regular Noto Sans Mono CJK KR Bold Noto Sans Mono CJK KR Regular Noto Sans Mono CJK SC Bold Noto Sans Mono CJK SC Regular Noto Sans Mono CJK TC Bold Noto Sans Mono CJK TC Regular Noto Sans Myanmar Noto Sans Myanmar UI Noto Sans New Tai Lue Noto Sans NKo Noto Sans Ogham Noto Sans Ol Chiki Noto Sans Old Italic Noto Sans Old Persian Noto Sans Old South Arabian Noto Sans Old Turkic Noto Sans Oriya Noto Sans Oriya UI Noto Sans Osmanya Noto Sans Phags Pa Noto Sans Phoenician Noto Sans Rejang Noto Sans Runic Noto Sans Samaritan Noto Sans Saurashtra Noto Sans Shavian Noto Sans Sinhala Noto Sans Sundanese Noto Sans Syloti Nagri Noto Sans Symbols Noto Sans Syriac Eastern Noto Sans Syriac Estrangela Noto Sans Syriac Western Noto Sans Tagalog Noto Sans Tagbanwa Noto Sans Tai Le Noto Sans Tai Tham Noto Sans Tai Viet Noto Sans Tamil Noto Sans Tamil UI Noto Sans Telugu Noto Sans Telugu UI Noto Sans Thaana Noto Sans Thai Noto Sans Thai UI Noto Sans Tibetan Noto Sans Tifinagh Noto Sans Ugaritic Noto Sans UI Noto Sans Vai Noto Sans Yi Noto Serif Noto Serif Armenian Noto Serif Bengali Noto Serif Georgian Noto Serif Gujarati Noto Serif Kannada Noto Serif Khmer Noto Serif Lao Noto Serif Malayalam Noto Serif Tamil Noto Serif Telugu Noto Serif Thai
Comment from Littlebtc on 4 October 2016 at 11:32
Thanks for the information. I will report again to the openstreetmap-carto issue.
Comment from kocio on 4 October 2016 at 22:01
That’s probably problem with mod_tile not processing TTC file format.
Comment from Jojo4u on 5 October 2016 at 14:10
In your example screenshot there seems to all violet label text missing, is this actual an issue or is there another explanation for it?
Comment from Math1985 on 5 October 2016 at 22:50
Shop labels are now rendered from z18 instead of z17.
Comment from Firefishy on 8 October 2016 at 12:51
The issue has been fixed. As above it was the failure to load the TTC font files which caused the issue. A force re-render will be run on the next stylesheet update.
Comment from Firefishy on 8 October 2016 at 12:51
PS: Nice work all ;-)